Form: 6-K

Current report of foreign issuer pursuant to Rules 13a-16 and 15d-16 Amendments

November 14, 2018

Exhibit 99.1

 

 

 

 

 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL SITUATION AND OPERATING RESULTS – FOR THE THREE AND SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND 2017

 

Introduction

 

This management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) is presented in order to provide the reader with an overview of the financial results and changes to the financial position of Acasti Pharma Inc. (referred to in this MD&A as “Acasti”, “the Corporation”,” we”, “us” and “our”) as at September 30, 2018 and for the three and six-month periods then ended. This MD&A explains the material variations in the financial statements of operations, financial position and cash flows of Acasti for the three and six-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

 

Market data and certain industry data and forecasts included in this report were obtained from internal surveys, market research, publicly available information, reports of governmental agencies and industry publications and surveys. We have relied upon industry publications as our primary sources for third-party industry data and forecasts. Industry surveys, publications and forecasts generally state that the information they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of that information is not guaranteed. We have not independently verified any of the data from third-party sources or the underlying economic assumptions they made. Similarly, internal surveys, industry forecasts and market research, which we believe to be reliable based upon our management’s knowledge of our industry, have not been independently verified. Our estimates involve risks and uncertainties, including assumptions that may prove not to be accurate, and these estimates and certain industry data are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in this report. While we believe our internal business research is reliable and the market definitions we use in this report are appropriate, neither our business research nor the definitions we use have been verified by any independent source. This report may only be used for the purpose for which it has been published.

 

In this MD&A, financial information is for the three and six-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and is based on the interim financial statements of the Corporation, which were prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 34, Interim Financial Reporting, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The Corporation applied the same accounting policies in the preparation of these condensed interim financial statements as those disclosed in note 3 of its most recent annual financial statements. In accordance with its mandate, the Audit Committee of the Corporation’s Board of Directors reviews the contents of the MD&A and recommends its approval to the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors approved this MD&A on November 13, 2018. Disclosure contained in this document is current to that date, unless otherwise noted. Note that there have been no significant changes to the “Use of estimates and measurement uncertainty”, “Critical Accounting Policies”, and “Financial instruments” in comparison to those disclosed in the Corporation’s MD&A for the year ended March 31, 2018, filed with the securities regulatory authorities on June 29, 2018. Readers should carefully review and consider the risks and uncertainties described in the Corporation’s filings with securities regulators, as well as in its Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with securities regulatory authorities on June 29, 2018. The Corporation’s financial results are published in Canadian dollars. All amounts disclosed in this MD&A are in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts or unless otherwise indicated.

 

Additional information about the Corporation can be found on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com or on EDGAR at www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml under Acasti Pharma Inc.

 

The Class A shares of the Corporation (“Common Shares”) are listed for trading on the TSX Venture Exchange and on the NASDAQ Capital Market exchange under the ticker symbol “ACST”.

 

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We own or have rights to trademarks, service marks or trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business. In addition, our name, logo and website names and addresses are our service marks or trademarks. CaPre® and Onemia® are our registered trademarks. The other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this MD&A are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks, tradenames and copyrights referred to in this MD&A are listed without the ©, ® and TM symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks and tradenames.

 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This MD&A contains information that may be forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian securities laws and forward-looking statements within the meaning of U.S. federal securities laws, both of which we refer to in this MD&A as forward-looking information. Forward-looking information can be identified by the use of terms such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “expect”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “intend”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential”, “continue” or other similar expressions concerning matters that are not statements about the present or historical facts. Forward-looking information in this MD&A includes, among other things, information or statements about:

 

· our ability to conduct all required clinical and nonclinical trials for CaPre, including the timing and results of those trials;

 

· our strategy, future operations, prospects and the plans of our management;

 

· the design, regulatory plan, timeline, costs and results of our clinical and nonclinical trials for CaPre;

 

· the timing and outcome of our meetings and discussions with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA;

 

· our planned regulatory filings for CaPre, and their timing;

 

· our expectation that our bridging study results will support our plan to get authorization from the FDA to use the 505(b)(2) pathway with new chemical entity, or NCE, status towards a New Drug Application, or NDA, approval in the United States;

 

· the timing and results from two competitor outcomes studies in patients with high triglycerides, or TGs (blood levels between 200-499 mg/dL) and concomitantly taking a statin;

 

· the potential benefits and risks of CaPre as compared to other products in the pharmaceutical, medical food and natural health products markets;

 

· our estimates of the size of the potential market for CaPre, unmet medical needs in that market, the potential for market expansion, and the rate and degree of market acceptance of CaPre if it reaches commercialization, and our ability to serve that market;

 

· our anticipated marketing advantages and product differentiation of CaPre and its potential to become a best-in-class OM3 compound for the treatment of HTG;

 

· the potential to expand CaPre’s indication for the treatment of high TGs (200-499 mg/dL);

 

· the degree to which physicians would switch their patients to a product with CaPre’s target product profile;

 

· our strategy and ability to develop, commercialize and distribute CaPre in the United States and elsewhere;

 

· the manufacturing scale-up of CaPre beyond 20 tons per year and the related timing;

 

· our ability to strengthen our patent portfolio and other means of protecting our intellectual property rights, including our ability to obtain additional patent protection for CaPre;

 

· our expectation that following expiration of the license agreement with Neptune we will not require any license from third parties to support the commercialization of CaPre;

 

· the availability, consistency and sources of our raw materials, including krill oil;

 

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· our expectation to be able to rely on third parties to manufacture CaPre whose manufacturing processes and facilities are in compliance with current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP;

 

· the potential for Omega-3 therapeutics, or OM3s in other cardiometabolic medicine indications;

 

· our intention and ability to build a US commercial organization and to successfully launch CaPre and compete in the US market;

 

· our intention and ability to complete development and/or distribution partnerships to support the commercialization of CaPre outside of the US, and to pursue strategic opportunities to provide capital and market access;

 

· our need for additional financing and our estimates regarding our future financing and capital requirements;

 

· our expectation regarding our financial performance, including our revenues, profitability, research and development, costs and expenses, gross margins, liquidity, capital resources, and capital expenditures; and

 

· our projected capital requirements to fund our anticipated expenses, including our research and development and general and administrative expenses, and capital expenditures.

 

Although the forward-looking information in this MD&A is based upon what we believe are reasonable assumptions, you should not place undue reliance on that forward-looking information since actual results may vary materially from it. Important assumptions made by us when making forward-looking statements include, among other things that:

 

· we are able to obtain the additional capital and financing we require;

 

· we successfully and timely complete all required clinical and nonclinical trials necessary for regulatory approval of CaPre;

 

· we successfully enroll and randomize patients in our TRILOGY Phase 3 program;

 

· the timeline and costs for our clinical and nonclinical programs are not materially underestimated or affected by unforeseen circumstances;

 

· CaPre is safe and effective;

 

· outcome study data from two of our competitors in high HTG patients concomitantly taking a statin is positive;

 

· we obtain and maintain regulatory approval for CaPre on a timely basis;

 

· we are able to attract, hire and retain key management and skilled scientific personnel;

 

· third parties provide their services to us on a timely and effective basis;

 

· we are able to maintain our required supply of raw materials, including krill oil;

 

· we are able to find and retain a third-party to manufacture CaPre in compliance with cGMP;

 

· we are able to successfully build a commercial organization, launch CaPre in the US, and compete in the US market;

 

· we are able to secure distribution arrangements for CaPre, if it reaches commercialization;

 

· we are able to manage our future growth effectively;

 

· we are able to gain acceptance of CaPre in its markets and we are able to serve those markets;

 

· our patent portfolio is sufficient and valid;

 

· we are able to secure and defend our intellectual property rights and to avoid infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties;

 

· we are able to take advantage of business opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry and receive strategic partner support;

 

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· we are able to continue as a going concern;

 

· there is no significant increase in competition for CaPre from other companies in the pharmaceutical, medical food and natural health product industries;

 

· CaPre would be viewed favorably by payers at launch and receive appropriate healthcare reimbursement;

 

· market data and reports reviewed by us are accurate;

 

· there are no adverse changes in relevant laws or regulations; and

 

· we face no product liability lawsuits and other proceedings or any such matters, if they arise, are satisfactorily resolved.

 

In addition, the forward-looking information in this MD&A is subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those described in this MD&A under the heading “Risk Factors”, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actual results and developments to differ materially from those that are disclosed in or implied by the forward-looking information, including, among others:

 

· risks related to timing and possible difficulties, delays or failures in our planned TRILOGY Phase 3 program for CaPre;

 

· nonclinical and clinical trials may be more costly or take longer to complete than anticipated, and may never be initiated or completed, or may not generate results that warrant future development of CaPre;

 

· CaPre may not prove to be as safe and effective or as potent as we currently believe;

 

· our planned TRILOGY Phase 3 program may not produce positive results;

 

· our anticipated studies and submissions to the FDA may not occur as currently anticipated, or at all;

 

· the FDA could reject our 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway;

 

· outcome study data from two of our competitors in patients with high TGs may be negative, which could also negatively affect the market perception of CaPre;

 

· we may encounter difficulties, delays or failures in obtaining regulatory approvals for the initiation of clinical trials or to market CaPre;

 

· we may need to conduct additional future clinical trials for CaPre, the occurrence and success of which cannot be assured;

 

· CaPre may have unknown side effects;

 

· the FDA may refuse to approve CaPre, or place restrictions on our ability to commercialize CaPre;

 

· CaPre could be subject to extensive post-market obligations and continued regulatory review, which may result in significant additional expense and affect sales, marketing and profitability;

 

· we may fail to achieve our publicly announced milestones on time;

 

· we may encounter difficulties in completing the development and commercialization of CaPre;

 

· third parties we will rely upon to conduct our TRILOGY Phase 3 program for CaPre may not effectively fulfill their obligations to us, including complying with FDA requirements;

 

· there may be difficulties, delays, or failures in obtaining health care reimbursements for CaPre;

 

· recently enacted and future laws may increase the difficulty and cost for us to obtain marketing approval of and commercialize CaPre and affect the prices we can charge;

 

· new laws, regulatory requirements, and the continuing efforts of governmental and third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare through various means could adversely affect our business;

 

· the market opportunity for, and demand and market acceptance of, CaPre may not be as strong as we anticipate;

 

· third parties that we will rely upon to manufacture, supply and distribute CaPre may not effectively fulfill their obligations to us, including complying with FDA requirements;

 

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· there may not be an adequate supply of raw materials, including krill oil, in sufficient quantities and quality and to produce CaPre under cGMP standards;

 

· Neptune still has some influence with respect to matters submitted to our shareholders for approval;

 

· Neptune’s interest may not align with those of us or our other shareholders;

 

· we may not be able to meet applicable regulatory standards for the manufacture of CaPre or scale-up our manufacturing successfully;

 

· we may not be able to produce clinical batches of CaPre in a timely manner or at all;

 

· as a company, we have limited sales, marketing and distribution experience;

 

· our patent applications may not result in issued patents, our issued patents may be circumvented or challenged and ultimately struck down, and we may not be able to successfully protect our trade secrets or other confidential proprietary information;

 

· we may face claims of infringement of third party intellectual property and other proprietary rights;

 

· we may face product liability claims and product recalls;

 

· we may face intense competition from other companies in the pharmaceutical, medical food and natural health product industries;

 

· we have a history of negative operating cash flow and may never become profitable or be able to sustain profitability;

 

· we have significant additional future capital needs and may not be able to raise additional financing required to fund further research and development, clinical studies, obtain regulatory approvals, build a commercial organization in the US, and meet ongoing capital requirements to continue our current operations on commercially acceptable terms or at all;

 

· we may not be able to successfully compete in the US market with competitors who are larger and have more resources than we do;

 

· we may acquire businesses or products or form strategic partnerships in the future that may not be successful;

 

· we may be unable to secure development and/or distribution partnerships to support the development and commercialization of CaPre outside the US, provide development capital, or market access;

 

· we rely on the retention of key management and skilled scientific personnel; and

 

· general changes in economic and capital market conditions could adversely affect us.

 

All of the forward-looking information in this MD&A is qualified by this cautionary statement. There can be no guarantee that the results or developments that we anticipate will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the consequences or effects on our business, financial condition or results of operations that we anticipate. As a result, you should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking information. Except as required by applicable law, we do not undertake to update or amend any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. All forward-looking information is made as of the date of this MD&A.

 

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Caution Regarding Non-IFRS Financial Measures

 

The Corporation uses multiple financial measures for the review of its operating performance. These measures are generally IFRS financial measures, but one adjusted financial measure, Non-IFRS operating loss, is also used to assess its operating performance. This non-IFRS financial measure is directly derived from the Corporation’s financial statements and is presented in a consistent manner. The Corporation uses this measure, in addition to the IFRS financial measures, for the purposes of evaluating its historical and prospective financial performance, as well as its performance relative to competitors and to plan and forecast future periods as well as to make operational and strategic decisions. The Corporation believes that providing this Non-IFRS information to investors, in addition to IFRS measures, allows them to see the Corporation’s results through the eyes of management, and to better understand its historical and future financial performance.

 

Earnings and other measures adjusted to a basis other than IFRS do not have standardized meanings and are unlikely to be comparable to similar measures used by other companies. Accordingly, they should not be considered in isolation. The Corporation uses Non-IFRS operating loss to measure its performance from one period to the next without the variation caused by certain adjustments that could potentially distort the analysis of trends in its operating performance, and because the Corporation believes it provides meaningful information on the Corporation’s financial condition and operating results. Acasti’s method for calculating Non-IFRS operating loss may differ from that used by other corporations.

 

Acasti calculates its Non-IFRS operating loss measurement by adding to net loss finance expenses that includes change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities, depreciation and amortization, impairment loss, change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities, and stock-based compensation and by subtracting finance income and deferred tax recovery. Items that do not impact core operating performance of the Corporation are excluded from the calculation as they may vary significantly from one period to another. Finance income/expenses include foreign exchange gain (loss). Acasti also excludes the effects of certain non-monetary transactions recorded, such as stock-based compensation, from its Non-IFRS operating loss calculation. Excluding this item does not imply it is necessarily non-recurring.

 

A reconciliation of net loss to Non-IFRS operating loss is presented later in this MD&A.

 

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

 

Our Business

 

We are a biopharmaceutical innovator focused on the research, development and commercialization of prescription drugs using omega-3, or OM3, fatty acids derived from krill oil. OM3 fatty acids have extensive clinical evidence of safety and efficacy in lowering triglycerides, or TGs, in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, or HTG. Our lead product candidate is CaPre, an OM3 phospholipid therapeutic, which we are developing initially for the treatment of severe HTG, a condition characterized by very high or severe levels of TGs in the bloodstream (≥ 500 mg/dL). In accordance with a study published in 2009 in the Archives of Internal Medicine by Ford et al., it is estimated that three to four million people in the United States have severe HTG. In primary qualitative market research studies with Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs), High Volume Prescribers (HVPs) and Pharmacy Benefit Managers commissioned by Acasti in August 2016 and November of 2017 by DP Analytics, a division of Destum Partners, physicians interviewed indicated a significant unmet medical need exists for an effective, safe and well-absorbing OM3 therapeutic that can also demonstrate a positive impact on the major blood lipids associated with cardiovascular disease, or CVD, risk. We believe that CaPre will address this unmet medical need if our Phase 3 results reproduce what we observed in our Phase 2 data. We initiated TRILOGY, our Phase 3 clinical program in North America during the second half of 2017 and started clinical site activation as planned at the end of 2017. As of the date of this MD&A, patient enrollment and randomization is continuing on schedule for both studies. We also believe the potential exists to expand CaPre’s initial indication to the roughly 36 million patients with high TGs (blood levels between 200 – 499 mg/dL), although at least one additional clinical trial would likely be required to support FDA approval of a supplemental New Drug Application (NDA) to expand CaPre’s indications to this segment. Data from our Phase 2 studies indicated that CaPre may have a positive effect in diabetes and inflammatory diseases, consequently we may also seek to identify new potential indications for CaPre that may be appropriate for future studies and pipeline expansion. In addition, we may also seek to in-license other cardiometabolic drug candidates for drug development and commercialization.

 

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In four clinical trials conducted to date, we saw the following consistent results with CaPre, and we are seeking to demonstrate similar safety and efficacy in our TRILOGY Phase 3 program:

 

· significant reduction of TGs and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in the blood of patients with mild to severe HTG;

 

· no deleterious effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), or “bad” cholesterol, with the potential to reduce LDL-C;

 

· potential to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), or “good” cholesterol;

 

· good bioavailability (absorption by the body), even under fasting conditions;

 

· no significant food effect when taken with either low-fat or high-fat meals; and

 

· an overall safety profile similar to that demonstrated by currently marketed OM3s.

 

We believe that if we are able to reproduce these results in our TRILOGY Phase 3 program, we potentially could set CaPre apart from current FDA-approved OM3 treatment options, and it could give us a significant clinical and marketing advantage.

 

About Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG)

 

According to the American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease from 2011, TG levels provide important information as a marker associated with the risk for heart disease and stroke, especially when an individual also has low levels of HDL-C and elevated levels of LDL-C. HTG can be caused by both genetic and environmental factors, including obesity, sedentary lifestyle and high-calorie diets. HTG is also associated with comorbid conditions such as chronic renal failure, pancreatitis, nephrotic syndrome, and diabetes. Multiple epidemiological, clinical, genetic studies suggest that patients with elevated TG levels (≥ 200 mg/dL) are at a greater risk of coronary artery disease, or CAD, and pancreatitis, a life-threatening condition, as compared to those with normal TG levels. The genes regulating TGs and LDL-C are equally strong predictors of CAD, but HDL-C is not. Other studies suggest that lowering and managing TG levels may reduce these risks. In addition, the Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study, or JELIS, demonstrated the long-term benefit of an OM3 eicosapentaenoic acid, or EPA, in preventing major coronary events in hypercholesterolemic patients receiving statin treatment. JELIS found a 19% relative risk reduction in major coronary events in patients with relatively normal TGs but a more pronounced 53% reduction in the subgroup with TGs > 150mg/dL and HDL-C < 40mg/dL. Recently published meta-analyses by Alexander et al. (Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2017) and Maki et al. (Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 2016) suggest that EPA and docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, may be associated with reducing coronary heart disease risk to a greater extent in populations with elevated TG levels, and that drugs lowering TG and TG-rich lipoproteins may reduce cardiovascular event risk in patients with elevated TG levels, particularly if associated with low HDL-C. The potential for therapeutic doses of OM3s (e.g. 4 grams per day) to potentially reduce residual cardiovascular risk, are currently being investigated in ongoing third party clinical trials including REDUCE-IT (Amarin) and STRENGTH (AstraZeneca).

 

 

About CaPre

 

CaPre is a highly purified, proprietary krill oil-derived mixture containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, or PUFAs, primarily composed of OM3 fatty acids, principally EPA, and DHA, present as a combination of phospholipid esters and free fatty acids. EPA and DHA are well known to be complementary and beneficial for human health, and according to numerous recent clinical studies, may promote healthy heart, brain and visual function (Kwantes and Grundmann, Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2014), and may also contribute to reducing inflammation and blood TGs (Ulven and Holven, Vascular health and risk management, 2015). Krill is a natural source of phospholipids and OM3 fatty acids. The EPA and DHA contained in CaPre are delivered as a combination of OM3s as free fatty acids and OM3s bound to phospholipid esters. Both forms allow these PUFAs to reach the small intestine where they undergo rapid absorption and transformation into complex fat molecules that are required for lipid transport in the bloodstream. We believe that EPA and DHA are more efficiently transported by phospholipids sourced from krill oil than the EPA and DHA contained in fish oil that are transported either by TGs (as in dietary supplements) or as ethyl esters in other prescription OM3 drugs (such as LOVAZA and VASCEPA), which must then undergo additional digestion before they are ready for transport into the bloodstream. The digestion and absorption of OM3 ethyl ester drugs requires a particular enzymatic process that is highly dependent on the fat content of a meal – the higher the fat content, the better the OM3 ethyl ester absorption. High fat content meals are not recommended in patients with HTG. We believe that CaPre’s superior absorption profile could represent a significant clinical advantage, since taking it with a low-fat meal represents a healthier and more realistic regimen for patients with HTG who must follow a restricted low-fat diet.

 

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CaPre is intended to be used as a therapy combined with positive lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and exercise, and can be administered either alone or with other drug treatment regimens such as statins (a class of drug used to reduce LDL-C) or fibrates (another class of drug used to reduce TGs). CaPre is intended to be taken orally once or twice per day in capsule form.

 

Potential Market for CaPre

 

We believe a significant opportunity exists for OM3 market expansion because, among other things:

 

· cardiovascular diseases, or CVD, and stroke are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The burden of CVD and stroke in terms of life-years lost, diminished quality of life, and direct and indirect medical costs also remains enormous;

 

· evidence suggests potential for OM3s in other cardiometabolic indications; and

 

· based on the assumption that the REDUCE-IT trial sponsored by Amarin and the STRENGTH trial sponsored by Astra Zeneca, (the CV outcome trials), will be positive, key opinion leaders interviewed by DP Analytics in the market research study described further below estimated that they would increase their own prescribing of OM3s by 43% in patients with high TGs (blood levels between 200 – 499 mg/dL) and by 35% in patients with severe HTG (Qualitative market research with Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) and High Volume Prescribers (HVPs) conducted for Acasti in November, 2017 by Destum Partners, an independent market research firm).

 

Except as otherwise indicated, all of the information that follows under this heading has been derived from secondary sources, including audited U.S. prescribing data, and from a qualitative U.S. commercial and primary market research assessment conducted for us by DP Analytics, A Division of Destum Partners, Inc., or Destum, a market research firm, dated August 19, 2016, which we refer to as the Destum Market Research. In its market analysis for CaPre, Destum utilized secondary market data and reports and conducted primary qualitative market research with physicians and third-party payers, such as PBMs. One-on-one in-depth phone interviews lasting on average 30-60 minutes were conducted with 22 physicians and 5 PBMs, and key qualitative data was obtained by Destum on current clinical practice for treating patients with HTG, and their perceptions of the current unmet medical need in treating patients with HTG. All interviews were conducted by the same individual at Destum and recorded to ensure consistency and collection of key data points. Destum utilized OM3 prescription data from 2009 to 2017 to estimate the size of CaPre’s potential market. Based on its discussions with the PBMs, Destum also assumed CaPre would be viewed favorably by payers at launch (e.g., Tier 2 or 3, depending on payer plan, which is comparable to LOVAZA and VASCEPA). Upon completing the screening questionnaire and being approved for inclusion in Destum’s study, key opinion leaders, or KOLs, and high volume prescribers, or HVPs, were provided with a study questionnaire and were asked to comment on a target profile for a potential new OM3 “Product X” offering a “trifecta” of cardio-metabolic benefits similar to the potential efficacy and safety benefits demonstrated by CaPre in our two Phase 1 pharmacokinetic studies and two Phase 2 clinical trials, which we refer to as the Target Product Profile. Respondents were told that the unidentified product was being prepared for a Phase 3 program designed to confirm with statistical significance the product’s safety and efficacy in patients with severe HTG. The Target Product Profile was used by Destum strictly for market research analysis purposes and should not be construed as an indication of future performance of CaPre and should not be read as an expectation or guarantee of future performance or results of CaPre, and will not necessarily be an accurate indication of whether or not such results will be achieved by CaPre in our Phase 3 program.

 

According to the American Heart Association, the prevalence of HTG in the United States and globally correlates to the aging of the population and the increasing incidence of obesity and diabetes. Market participants, including the American Heart Association, have estimated that one-third of adults in the United States have elevated levels of TGs (TGs >150 mg/dL) (Ford, Archives of Internal Medicine, 2009; 169(6):572-578), including approximately 36 million people diagnosed with high HTG, and 3 to 4 million people diagnosed with severe HTG (Miller et al. Circulation, 2011 and Maki et al. J. Clin. Lipid, 2012). Moreover, according to Ford, Archives of Internal Medicine in a study conducted between 1999 and 2004, 18% of adults in the United States, corresponding to approximately 40 million people, had elevated TG levels equal to or greater than 200 mg/dl, of which only 3.6% were treated specifically with TG-lowering medication (Ford, Archives of Internal Medicine, 2009; 169(6):572-578; Kapoor and Miller, ACC, 2016, Christian et al. Am. J. Cardiology, 2011). We believe this data indicates there is a large underserved market opportunity for CaPre.

 

In 2015, CaPre’s target market in the United States for treatment of HTG was estimated by IMS NSP Audit data to be approximately US$750 million annually, with approximately five million prescriptions written annually over the prior four years. The total global market for treatment of HTG was estimated by GOED Proprietary Research in 2015 to be approximately US$2.3 billion annually. Currently, all marketed OM3 products are approved by the FDA only for patients with severe HTG. We believe there is the potential to greatly expand the treatable market in the United States to the approximately 36 million people with high TGs, assuming favorable results from two CV outcome studies that are currently ongoing. Amarin recently released positive top-line results from its cardiovascular outcome study (the REDUCE-IT trial) and the cardiovascular outcome study sponsored by AstraZeneca (the STRENGTH trial) is expected to be reported in 2019. These CV studies are designed to evaluate the long-term benefit of lowering TGs on CV risks with prescription drugs containing OM3 fatty acids in patients concurrently taking a statin. Additional clinical trials would likely be required for CaPre to also expand its label claims to the high TGs segment. Given the large portion of the adult population in the United States that have elevated levels of TGs above 200 mg/dL but who go largely untreated, we believe there is the potential for a very significant increase in the total number of patients eligible for treatment if these CV outcome trials are positive.

 

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CaPre has two FDA-approved and marketed branded competitors (LOVAZA and VASCEPA). In addition, Astra Zeneca has an FDA-approved product, EPANOVA, which has not yet been launched. LOVAZA generics became available on the U.S. market in 2013. In spite of generic options, audited prescription data from IMS NSP Audit suggests that over 50% of OM3 prescriptions are written for branded products (LOVAZA or VASCEPA). By 2015, there had been only an approximately 25% decline in total market value, in spite of some generic switching that occurs at pharmacies. This stability of branded products is due in part to the fact that the pricing differential between branded and generic OM3 products is smaller than is often the case between branded and generic products in the pharmaceutical industry. Based on both primary market research with pharmacy benefit managers, or PBMs, and audited prescription reports, the average pricing of generics is currently approximately US$190 per month, while pricing for branded products averages between US$250 and US$300 per month. Amarin has raised prices for VASCEPA annually since its launch in late 2013. PBMs offer “Preferred Brand” status (Tier 2 or Tier 3), without significant restrictions (i.e., no prior authorization, step edits, or high co-payments) for these branded OM3s. By the end of 2017, it is estimated that VASCEPA had reached about 30% market share in the U.S., in spite of generic competition from LOVAZA.

 

While conducting the Destum Market Research, KOLs and HVPs interviewed by Destum were asked to assess the level of unmet medical need associated with treating patients with severe HTG based on currently available treatment options. 91% of physicians interviewed by Destum in 2016 indicated that they believe that the current unmet medical need for treating HTG was moderate to high. That number increased to 100% in the subsequent 2017 research. The reasons identified by these physicians for their dissatisfaction with the currently available OM3s included insufficient lowering of TGs (principally relating to VASCEPA), negative LDL-C effects (principally relating to LOVAZA), the “food effect” or reduced absorption of both LOVAZA and VASCEPA when taken with a low-fat meal, gastrointestinal side effects, and the fishy taste from these fish oil-derived OM3s. Despite the availability of other drug classes to treat severe HTG, interviewed physicians indicated that they would welcome the introduction of new and improved OM3 products, particularly if they can address these perceived deficiencies.

 

Interviewed physicians responded favorably to the blinded Target Product Profile of CaPre in the Destum Market Research studies. In the most recent study conducted in 2017, they indicated that they would prescribe a new OM3 drug with the Target Product Profile to approximately 82% of their patients in the severe HTG patient population and 68% of their patients in the high HTG segment within two years of the new OM3 drug’s approval. Approximately 60% of the interviewed physicians indicated that they would switch to a drug with the Target Product Profile primarily due to the “trifecta effect” of reducing TGs and LDL-C while elevating HDL-C, and the remaining 40% indicated they would switch primarily due to a drug with the Target Product Profile due to the effective reduction of TGs alone. In connection with their responses, the interviewed physicians were instructed to assume the drug with the Target Product Profile and all currently available OM3 products were not subject to any reimbursement or coverage hurdles (e.g., all products were on an equal health care coverage playing field). This assumption was supported by our interviews with leading PBMs in the United States.

 

We plan to conduct additional market research with KOLs, HVPs, primary care physicians and payers to further develop and refine our understanding of the potential market for CaPre.

 

Our Clinical Data

 

CaPre is being developed by us for the treatment of patients with severe HTG. In two Phase 2 clinical trials conducted by us in Canada (our COLT and TRIFECTA trials), CaPre was well-tolerated at all doses tested, with no serious adverse events that were considered treatment-related. Among the reported adverse events with an occurrence of greater than 2% of subjects and greater than placebo, only diarrhea had an incidence of 2.2%.

 

In both Phase 2 clinical trials, CaPre significantly lowered TGs in patients with mild to severe HTG. Importantly, in these studies, CaPre also demonstrated no deleterious effect on LDL-C (unlike LOVAZA and EPANOVA, which have been shown to significantly increase LDL-C in patients with severe HTG). Further, our Phase 2 data indicated that unlike LOVAZA, CaPre may actually reduce LDL-C with a 4 gram per day dose (a dose equivalent to VASCEPA and LOVAZA). LDL-C is undesirable because it accumulates in the walls of blood vessels, where it can cause blockages (atherosclerosis). In the Phase 2 trials, CaPre also reduced non-HDL-C (all cholesterol contained in the bloodstream except HDL-C), which is also considered to be a marker of cardiovascular disease. The COLT trial data showed a mean increase of 7.7% in HDL-C with CaPre at 4 grams per day (p=0.07). Further analysis of the data from our on-going TRILOGY Phase 3 program will be required to demonstrate CaPre’s statistical significance with respect to lowering LDL-C and increasing HDL-C.

 

9

 

We believe that these multiple potential cardiovascular benefits, if confirmed in our on-going TRILOGY Phase 3 program, could be significant differentiators for CaPre in the marketplace, as no currently approved OM3 drug has shown an ability to positively modulate all four of these major blood lipids (TGs, non-HDL-C, LDL-C and HDL-C) in the treatment of severe HTG. We also believe that if supported by additional clinical trials, CaPre has the potential to become the best-in-class OM3 compound for the treatment of mild to moderate HTG.

 

In summary, in addition to reducing TG levels in patients with mild to severe HTG, clinical data collected by us to date indicates that CaPre may also have:

 

beneficial clinical effects on other blood lipids, such as HDL-C (good cholesterol) and non-HDL-C;
     
no deleterious effect on, and may potentially reduce, LDL-C (bad cholesterol) levels; and
     
absorption capability that unlike VASCEPA and LOVAZA, is not meaningfully affected by the fat content of a meal consumed prior to drug administration, providing patients with the reassurance that following their physician-recommended low-fat diet will still result in high absorption.

 

We believe that these features could set CaPre apart from currently available FDA-approved OM3 treatment options in the marketplace and could give us a significant clinical and marketing advantage.

 

Our Nonclinical Research

 

In addition to our Phase 2 clinical trials, we carried out an extensive nonclinical program to demonstrate the safety of CaPre in a defined set of studies required by the FDA. These studies were carried out by contract research organizations in compliance with Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs) and conducted on various species of animals recommended by the FDA to investigate the long-term effects of CaPre at doses of up to 65 grams of human equivalent dose over 39 weeks. In these studies, hematological, biochemical, coagulation and overall health parameters of CaPre were evaluated and no toxic effects were observed in any of the segments of the studies. Other studies focused on the potential toxic effects of CaPre on vital systems, such as the cardiovascular, respiratory and central nervous system as evaluated by behavioral studies of the various species. These studies showed that CaPre did not have any adverse or toxic effects on any of the vital systems investigated, again up to doses well above the recommended clinical dose of CaPre. To rule out short term toxic effects of CaPre on genes, genomic toxicity studies were undertaken on accepted cellular and animal models. These studies showed no toxic effects of CaPre on any of the genetic markers indicative of potential gene altering toxic effects.

 

We believe the studies conducted to date indicate that CaPre is well-tolerated and shows no toxic effects on any of the physiological and vital systems of the tested animals or their genes at doses well above CaPre’s anticipated clinical therapeutic dose of 4 grams daily.

 

In parallel to our TRILOGY Phase 3 program, we plan to complete additional nonclinical studies, including a pre- and postnatal development study in rodents and a 26-week oral carcinogenicity study in transgenic homozygous rasH2 mice. These nonclinical studies will be required to support a NDA for CaPre.

 

Our TRILOGY Phase 3 Program

 

In March 2017, we announced our plans to proceed with our TRILOGY Phase 3 program following our End-of-Phase 2 meeting with the FDA in February 2017. Based on the guidance we have received from the FDA, we are now conducting two pivotal, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded Phase 3 studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CaPre in patients with severe HTG. These studies of 26-week duration will evaluate CaPre’s ability to lower TGs from baseline in approximately 500 patients (approximately 250 per study) randomized to either 4 grams daily or placebo. The FDA’s feedback supported our plan to conduct two studies in parallel, potentially reducing the cost and shortening the time to an NDA submission. These studies will be conducted in approximately 150 sites across North America.

 

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The primary endpoint of these studies is to determine the efficacy of CaPre at 4 grams/day compared to placebo in lowering TGs after 12 weeks in severe HTG patients, and to confirm safety. The study was designed to provide at least 90% statistical power to detect a difference of at least a 20% decrease from baseline in TGs between CaPre and placebo. In addition, the Phase 3 studies will include numerous secondary and exploratory endpoints, which are designed to assess the effect of CaPre on the broader lipid profile and certain metabolic, inflammatory and CVD risk markers.

 

In November 2017, we announced that Dariush Mozaffarian, M.D., Dr.P.H., agreed to serve as the principal investigator of our Phase 3 clinical program. Dr. Mozaffarian is a cardiologist and epidemiologist serving as the Jean Mayer Professor of Nutrition & Medicine, and the Dean of the Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy at Tuft’s University. His widely published research focuses on how diets, such as those rich in OM3s and lifestyle influence cardiometabolic health, and how effective policies can improve health and wellness.

 

Late in 2017, based on feedback from the FDA, we finalized our Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls plans and the clinical trial design that supports Acasti’s TRILOGY Phase 3 program. In parallel with the Phase 3 clinical trial planning, additional current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) production lots of API (known as NKPL66) and CaPre were manufactured during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year ending March 31, 2018 and the first quarter of our current fiscal year ending June 30, 2018, enabling Acasti to continue to build the CaPre and placebo inventory required to support the activated clinical trial sites and patient randomization. In the first calendar quarter of 2018, additional raw krill oil was purchased from an alternative supplier, and additional lots of CaPre have been manufactured with this material for use in the Phase 3 program. With manufacturing of its clinical trial material nearing completion, Acasti is now allocating additional resources to other activities related to the planned commercial launch of CaPre.

 

We initiated our TRILOGY program and began site activation and patient enrollment on schedule at the end of 2017. We are working with a major clinical research organization to manage our TRILOGY Phase 3 program. We had further advanced the TRILOGY program in the second quarter ending September 30, 2018. As of November 1, 2018, TRILOGY had surpassed 90% enrollment with greater than >50% of patients randomized at more than 150 clinical sites across the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The study is proceeding right on schedule and we continue to expect topline results before the end of 2019.

 

Our Regulatory Strategy for CaPre

 

Our strategy is to develop and initially commercialize CaPre for the treatment of severe HTG. The TRILOGY Phase 3 program was initiated during the second half of 2017 and has been designed to evaluate the clinical effect of CaPre on TGs, non-HDL-C, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels together with a variety of other cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with severe HTG.

 

We intend to pursue a 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway towards an NDA approval in the United States. A 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway is defined in the U.S. Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) as an NDA containing investigations of safety and effectiveness that are being relied upon for approval and were not, in whole, conducted by or for the applicant, and for which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference. 505(b)(2) regulatory pathways differ from a typical NDA because they allow a sponsor to rely, at least in part, on the FDA’s findings of safety and/or effectiveness for a previously approved drug. We intend to pursue the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway as a strategy to leverage the large body of safety data for LOVAZA, which could accelerate and streamline the development of CaPre and reduce associated costs and risks. This pathway still allows CaPre to retain its New Chemical Entity (NCE) status due to its novel, patented OM3 free fatty acid/phospholipid formulation.

 

In connection with our intended use of the 505(b)(2) pathway, the FDA supported our proposal to conduct our Bridging Study that compared CaPre (which has an OM3 free fatty acid/phospholipid composition) with the FDA-approved HTG drug LOVAZA (which has an OM3-acid ethyl esters composition) in healthy volunteers. In February 2017, we met with the FDA at an End-of-Phase 2 meeting where our Bridging Study data was discussed. We confirmed with the FDA the 505(b)(2) regulatory approach to use the safety data for LOVAZA and finalized the study design for our Phase 3 program that would be required for NDA approval.

 

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Our planned remaining key development and regulatory milestones and timeline are presented below.

 

 

 

Our Intellectual Property Strategy

 

Under a license agreement we entered into with Neptune in August 2008, which was later amended on February 9, 2009 and March 7, 2013 (the “License Agreement”), we received an exclusive license to use certain intellectual property of Neptune (which includes several patents) to develop and commercialize CaPre and our novel and active pharmaceutical ingredients, or APIs, for use in pharmaceutical and medical food applications in the cardiometabolic field. The term of the License Agreement expires on the date of the last-to-expire licensed patents in 2022. As a result of a royalty prepayment transaction we entered into with Neptune on December 4, 2012, we are no longer required to pay any royalties to Neptune under the License Agreement during its term for the use of the licensed intellectual property.

 

Upon the expiry of our license agreement with Neptune, we believe that CaPre will be covered under our own issued and pending patents, and we do not believe that we will afterwards require any license from Neptune to support the commercialization of CaPre.

 

We continue to expand our own intellectual property, or IP, patent portfolio. We have filed patent applications in more than 20 jurisdictions, including with the European Patent Office (but excluding the individual countries where we have subsequently registered), and in countries in North America, Asia and Australia for our “Concentrated Therapeutic Phospholipid Composition”, or Proprietary Composition, to treat HTG. We currently have more than 20 issued or allowed patents and numerous patent applications pending.

 

We believe these patents and patent applications increase potential commercial opportunities for CaPre, including through possible licensing and partnership opportunities. We are committed to building a global portfolio of patents to ensure long-lasting and comprehensive intellectual property protection and to safeguard potentially valuable market expansion opportunities.

 

Our Business and Commercialization Strategy

 

Key elements of our business and commercialization strategy include initially obtaining regulatory approval for CaPre in the United States for severe HTG. We plan to launch CaPre ourselves in the U.S. market. Our preferred strategy outside the United States is to commercialize CaPre through regional or country-specific strategic partnerships, and to potentially seek support and funding from each partner for in-country clinical development, registration and commercialization activities. We believe that a late development-stage and differentiated drug candidate like CaPre could be attractive to various global, regional or specialty pharmaceutical companies (particularly those with a large CVD portfolio of products), and we are taking a targeted approach to partnering and licensing in various geographies.

 

12

 

Our key commercialization goals include:

 

· complete our TRILOGY Phase 3 program and, assuming the results are positive, file a NDA, to obtain regulatory approval for CaPre in the United States, initially for the treatment of severe HTG, with the potential to afterwards expand CaPre’s indication to the treatment of high TGs (although at least one additional clinical trial would likely be required to expand CaPre’s indication to this segment);

 

· continue to strengthen our patent portfolio and other intellectual property rights;

 

· continue planning for the potential launch of CaPre in the United States; and

 

· continue to pursue strategic opportunities outside of the United States, such as licensing or similar transactions, joint ventures, partnerships, strategic alliances or alternative financing transactions, to provide development capital, market access and other strategic sources of capital.

 

In addition to completing our TRILOGY Phase 3 program, we expect that additional time and capital will be required to complete the filing of an NDA to obtain FDA approval for CaPre in the United States, and to complete business development collaborations, marketing and other pre-commercialization activities before reaching the commercial launch of CaPre in the U.S.

 

 

Organizational Structure

 

We have no subsidiaries. Following our U.S. and Canadian public financings in October 2018, the ownership position of Neptune, our former parent company, was reduced below 10%. As of the date of this report, Neptune owns 5,064,694 of our common shares, representing 6.48% of our currently issued and outstanding common shares.

 

Recent Developments

 

On August 28, 2018, at the Corporation’s annual and special meeting of shareholders (the “AGM”), disinterested shareholders approved amendments to the Corporation’s stock option plan (the “Amended Stock Option Plan”): (a) to increase the fixed number of Common Shares that may be issued upon the exercise of all options granted under the plan, from 2,940,511 to 5,494,209 Common Shares; and (b) to provide that all options granted to a director will be vested evenly on a quarterly basis over a period of at least eighteen (18) months, and that all options granted to an employee will be vested evenly on a quarterly basis over a period of at least thirty-six (36) months.
     
At the AGM, disinterested shareholders also approved amendments to the Corporation’s equity incentive plan in order to set the total number of Common Shares reserved for issuance pursuant to awards granted under the plan to an aggregate number that if, and for so long as the Common Shares are listed on the TSXV, shall not exceed the lower of (x) 915,701 Common Shares (up from 367,563 Common Shares), and (y) 5,494,209 Common Shares (up from 2,940,511 Common Shares), which number shall include Common Shares issuable pursuant to options issued under the Amended Stock Option Plan.
     
On September 24, 2018, the Corporation announced that Mr. Jean-François Boily was appointed as the Vice President of Finance and Mrs. Linda O’Keefe, the Corporation’s former Chief Financial Officer, announced her retirement.
     
On October 11, 2018, the Corporation announced the closing of its underwritten public offering in the United States of 19,090,000 Common Shares (which includes the exercise in full by the underwriters of their over-allotment option to purchase 2,490,000 additional Common Shares), at the same public offering price of US$1.00 per Common Share for gross proceeds to the Corporation of $24.7 million (US$19.1 million) generating net proceeds to the Company of approximately $22.5 million (US$17.4 million).
     
On October 23, 2018, the Corporation announced the closing of its underwritten public offering in Canada of 21,562,000 Common Shares (which includes the exercise in full by the underwriters of their over-allotment option to purchase 2,812,500 additional Common Shares), at the same public offering price of $1.28 per Common Share for gross proceeds to the Corporation of $27.6 million generating net proceeds to the Company of approximately $25.4 million.

 

Based on management’s current projections, Acasti believes that the total of approximately $47.9 million in net proceeds from the two October 2018 public offerings, together with existing cash, will fully fund the Company’s operations beyond the completion of our Phase 3 clinical trials.

 

13

 

Basis of presentation of the financial statements

 

The Corporation is subject to a number of risks associated with the conduct of its TRILOGY Phase 3 clinical program and its results, the establishment of strategic partnerships and the successful development of CaPre and other new products and their commercialization. The Corporation is currently not generating any revenues and has incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception. To date, the Corporation has financed its operations through public offering and private placement of Common Shares, units consisting of Common Shares and warrants, convertible debt, proceeds from research grants and research tax credits, and exercises of warrants, rights, and options. To achieve the objectives of its business plan, the Corporation plans to raise the necessary funds through additional securities offerings and the establishment of strategic partnerships as well as additional research grants and research tax credits. CaPre and other drug product candidates developed by us will require approval from the FDA and equivalent regulatory organizations in other countries before they can be commercialized. The ability of the Corporation to achieve profitable operations is dependent on a number of factors outside of the Corporation’s control. See “Risk Factors” in this MD&A and in Acasti’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

 

The Corporation has incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception. The Corporation’s current assets of $7.4 million as at September 30, 2018 include cash and cash equivalents totalling $6.0 million, mainly generated by the net proceeds from the Public Offering completed on May 9, 2018. The Corporation’s current liabilities total $13.2 million at September 30, 2018 and are comprised primarily of amounts due to or accrued for creditors. Following the October financings (see Subsequent events), the Corporation expects that the total of approximately $47.9 million raised in net proceeds in addition with existing cash, will fund  the completion of the TRILOGY phase 3 clinical trials. Management projects that additional funds will be needed in the future for activities necessary to prepare for commercial launch, including the scale up of our manufacturing operations, the completion of the potential regulatory (NDA) submission package (assuming positive Phase 3 clinical results), and the expansion of business development and pre-launch marketing activities. In addition to the recently raised funds, the Corporation is working towards development of strategic partner relationships, as well as actively seeking additional non-dilutive funds in the future, but there can be no assurance as to when or whether Acasti will complete any strategic collaborations or succeed in identifying non-dilutive funding sources. Consequently, the Corporation may need to raise additional equity capital in the future to fund these activities. In particular, raising additional capital is subject to market conditions and is not within the Corporation’s control. If the Corporation does not raise additional funds or find one or more strategic partners, it may not be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. As a result, there exists a material uncertainty that casts substantial doubt about the Corporation’s ability to continue as a going concern and, therefore, realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business.

 

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes the Corporation will continue its operations in the foreseeable future and will be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business.  These financial statements do not include any adjustments to the carrying values and classification of assets and liabilities and reported expenses that may be necessary if the going concern basis was not appropriate for these financial statements. If the Corporation was unable to continue as a going concern, material write-downs to the carrying values of the Corporation’s assets, including the intangible asset, could be required.

 

14

 

SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

    Three-month periods ended     Six-month periods ended  
    September 30,
2018
    September 30,
2017
    September 30,
2018
    September 30,
2017
 
    $     $     $     $  
Net loss     (22,729 )     (4,507 )     (30,150 )     (7,285 )
Basic and diluted loss per share     (0.62 )     (0.31 )     (0.88 )     (0.49 )
Non-IFRS operating loss1     (9,423 )     (3,423 )     (18,411 )     (5,519 )
Total assets     19,920       19,757       19,920       19,757  
Working capital2     (5,813 )     2,461       (5,813 )     2,461  
Total non-current financial liabilities     21,570       1,560       21,570       1,560  
Total equity     (14,824 )     14,806       (14,824 )     14,806  

 

COMMENTS ON THE SIGNIFICANT VARIATIONS OF RESULTS FROM OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE AND SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND 2017

 

The net loss totaling $22,729 or ($0.62) per share for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased by $18,222 or ($0.31) per share from the net loss totaling $4,507 or ($0.31) per share for the three months ended September 30, 2017. This resulted primarily from the $6,000 increased Non-IFRS operating loss generated by planned R&D expenses to execute the TRILOGY Phase 3 clinical program, and by a $12,169 increase in Financial expenses due mostly to an increase in loss related to the change in value of the warrant derivative liability of $12,415 (see “Reconciliation of Net Loss to Non-IFRS Operating Loss”) offset by an increase of gain of $221 mainly due to foreign exchange, a $31 increase in stock-based compensation, and an increase of $22 in depreciation and amortization.

 

The net loss totaling $30,150 or ($0.88) per share for the six months ended September 30, 2018 increased by $22,865 or ($0.39) per share from the net loss totaling $7,285 or ($0.49) per share for the three and six months ended September 30, 2017. This resulted primarily from the $12,892 increased Non-IFRS operating loss generated by planned R&D expenses to execute the TRILOGY Phase 3 clinical program, and by a $9,688 increase in Financial expenses due mostly to an increase in loss related to the change in value of the warrant derivative liability of $9,316 (see “Reconciliation of Net Loss to Non-IFRS Operating Loss”), an increase of $653 related to transaction costs related to derivative warrant liabilities, which are offset by an increase of gain of $233 due to foreign exchange, a $246 increase in stock-based compensation, and an increase of $39 in depreciation and amortization.

 

 

 

 

 

__________________

1 The Non-IFRS operating loss (adding to net loss financial expenses (income), depreciation and amortization, change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities and stock-based compensation) is not a standard measure endorsed by IFRS requirements. A reconciliation to the Corporation’s net loss is presented below.

2 The working capital is presented for information purposes only and represents a measurement of the Corporation’s short-term financial health. The working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. Because there is no standard method endorsed by IFRS requirements, the results may not be comparable to similar measurements presented by other public companies.

 

15

 

Breakdown of major components of the statement of earnings and comprehensive loss for the three and six-month ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

 

Research and development expenses
    Three-month periods ended     Six-month periods ended  
    September 30,
2018
    September 30,
2017
    September 30,
2018
    September 30,
2017
 
    $     $     $     $  
Salaries and benefits     334       342       757       701  
Research contracts     7,926       1,553       15,143       2,071  
Professional fees     183       672       588       1,042  
Other     76       64       225       120  
Government grants and tax credits     (110 )     (39 )     (180 )     (60 )
Total before Stock-based compensation                                
and depreciation and amortization     8,409       2,592       16,533       3,874  
                                 
Stock-based compensation     30       90       109       123  
Depreciation and amortization     689       667       1,373       1,334  
Total     9,128       3,349       18,015       5,331  

 

General and administrative expenses
    Three-month periods ended     Six-month periods ended  
    September 30,
2018
    September 30,
2017
    September 30,
2018
    September 30,
2017
 
    $     $     $     $  
Salaries and benefits     494       301       911       662  
Administrative fees     8       37       19       88  
Professional fees     373       397       690       711  
Other     139       96       258       184  
Total before Stock-based compensation     1,014       831       1,878       1,645  
                                 
Stock-based compensation     296       205       468       208  
Total     1,310       1,036       2,346       1,853  

 

Three-month period ended September 30, 2018 compared to the three-month period ended September 30, 2017:

 

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, Acasti continued its planned advancement of the two-study TRILOGY Phase 3 clinical study program for its drug candidate, CaPre, in partnership with one of the world’s largest providers of biopharmaceutical development and clinical outsourcing services (“CRO”). The $9,128 in total R&D expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 totaled $8,409 before depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation expense, compared to $3,349 in total R&D expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 or $2,592 before depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation expense. This $5,817 increase in R&D expenses before depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation was mainly attributable to the $6,373 increase in research contracts, offset by $489 decrease in professional fees. The increased research contract expense resulted primarily from a budgeted $5,678 increase in the CRO Phase 3 clinical trial program contract expense with continued site activation and patient enrollment, randomization and treatment and an amount of $790 of increased research contracts resulting from the planned expanded CaPre scale-up production activities in the three months ended September 30, 2018 offset by $95 related to other clinical contracts completed during the three months ended September 30, 2017. The $71 increase in tax credits relates to higher R&D expenditures combined with a higher investment tax credit rate in the three months ended September 30, 2018.

 

16

 

G&A expenses totaling $1,014 before stock-based compensation expense for the-three months ended September 30, 2018 increased by $183 from $831 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. This $183 increase was mainly attributable to a $193 increase in salaries and benefits primarily resulting from the expansion of the team to become more independent of Neptune and the hiring of a Chief Commercial Officer to support expanded business development activities and the planning for a commercialization team, slightly offset by a $29 reduction in the Neptune administrative fees. There was also a $43 increase in other expenses associated with risk management programs now also independent of Neptune.

 

Stock-based compensation and depreciation and amortization included in both R&D and G&A expenses are explained in the following discussion of Reconciliation of Net Loss to Non-IFRS Operating Loss.

 

Six-month period ended September 30, 2018 compared to the six-month period ended September 30, 2017:

 

As Acasti continued advancing its planned TRILOGY Phase 3 clinical program and production scale-up of CaPre within its R&D program, $18,015 was incurred in total R&D expenses for the six-month period ended September 30, 2018 and $16,533 was incurred before depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation expense. This compares to $5,331 in total R&D expenses for the six-month period ended September 30, 2017 or $3,874 before depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation expense. This $12,659 increase in R&D expenses before depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation was mainly attributable to the $13,072 increase in contracts with an $11,769 increase in Phase 3 CRO contract expenses and $1,384 of increased research contracts resulting from the planned scale-up of CaPre production activities in the six months ended September 30, 2018 offset by $81 related to other clinical contracts completed during the six months ended September 30, 2017. This is offset by a $454 decrease in legal fees for contracting and due diligence activities for strategic R&D partnerships, and other licensing arrangements. An increase of $56 in incremental salaries and benefits were primarily related to the current periods near full-time impact of two incremental clinical program resources and the addition of several technicians to production and quality control compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2017. The $120 increase in tax credits relates to higher R&D expenditures combined with a higher investment tax credit rate in the six months ended September 30, 2018.

 

G&A expenses totaling $1,878 before stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended September 30, 2018 increased by $233 from $1,645 for the six months ended September 30, 2017. This $233 increase was mainly attributable to a $249 increase in salaries and benefits primarily resulting from the expansion of the team to become more independent of Neptune, and expansion of our commercialization team and business development activities, and slightly offset by a $69 reduction in the Neptune administrative fees. There was also a $74 increase in other expenses associated with risk management programs now also independent of Neptune.

 

Stock-based compensation and depreciation and amortization included in both R&D and G&A expenses are explained in the following discussion of Reconciliation of Net Loss to Non-IFRS Operating Loss.

 

RECONCILIATION OF NET LOSS TO NON-IFRS OPERATING LOSS

 

    Three-month periods ended     Six-month periods ended  
    September 30,
2018
    September 30,
2017
    September 30,
2018
    September 30,
2017
 
    $     $     $     $  
Net loss     (22,729 )     (4,507 )     (30,150 )     (7,285 )
Add (deduct):                                
Stock-based compensation     326       295       577       331  
Depreciation and amortization     689       667       1,373       1,334  
Financial expenses     12,291       122       9,789       101  
Non-IFRS operating loss     (9,423 )     (3,423 )     (18,411 )     (5,519 )

 

For the three-month and six-month periods ended September 30, 2018 the Corporation recognized stock-based compensation under this plan in the amount of $326 and $577, respectively, compared to the three-month and six-month periods ended September 30, 2017 - $295 and $331 respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of the options granted to employees and directors during the six-month period ended September 30, 2018 was $0.51 compared to the grant date value of options granted in the six-month period ended September 30, 2017 of $1.22. No options were granted to consultants.

 

17

 

The depreciation and amortization expense remained relatively constant, only increasing by $22 to $689 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 from $667 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The depreciation and amortization expense increased by $39 to $1,373 for the six months ended September 30, 2018 from $1,334 for the six months ended September 30, 2017, also remaining relatively constant.

 

Financial expenses increased by $12,169 to $12,291 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 from financial expense of $122 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The main component of this increase relates to the remeasurement of the fair value of the derivative warrant liabilities as at September 30, 2018, which resulted in an increase to the derivative warrant liabilities included in the statement of financial position of $12,415 and a corresponding increase to expenses from changes in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities.

 

Financial expenses increased by $9,688 to $9,789 for the six months ended September 30, 2018 from financial expense of $101 for the six months ended September 30, 2017. The main component of this increase relates to the remeasurement of the fair value of the derivative warrant liabilities as at September 30, 2018, which resulted in an increase to the derivative warrant liabilities included in the statement of financial position of $9,316 and a corresponding increase to expenses from changes in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities.

 

Three separate derivative warrant liabilities instruments are included in the statement of financial position as at September 30, 2018, compared to one derivative warrant liability as at September 30, 2017. These derivative warrant liabilities instruments stem from the financing transactions that took place in May 2018, December 2017 and December 2013. The derivative warrant liabilities are re-measured at each reporting date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The valuations are driven by the fluctuation in the Corporation’s stock price resulting in an increased loss related to the change in fair value of the warrant liabilities and increasing the corresponding liability in the statement of financial position.

 

The fair value of the public offering warrants issued in May 2018 as at September 30, 2018 was determined to be approximately $0.96 per warrant, and totaled $10,498 compared to approximately $0.36 per warrant at June 30, 2018, which totaled $3,907.

 

The fair value of the derivative warrants issued with the U.S. public offering of December 27, 2017 as at September 30, 2018, totaled $9,358 or approximately $0.95 per warrant, compared to the fair value of these warrants totaling $3,558 or approximately $0.36 per warrant at June 30, 2018 and compared to the fair value of these warrants totaling $6,405 or approximately $0.65 at March 31, 2018.

 

The fair value of the derivative warrant liabilities issued in December 2013 totalled nil at September 30, 2018, the same as June 30, 2018 and $21 less than the $21 fair value at March 31, 2018. The fair value of the derivative warrant liabilities totaled $51 at September 30, 2017 or $24 less than the $75 fair value at June 30, 2017 and $158 less than the $209 fair value at March 31, 2017.

 

18

 

SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA

 

    September 30,     June 30,     March 31,     December 31,  
    2018     2018     2018     2017  
    $     $     $     $  
                         
Net loss     (22,729 )     (7,421 )     (8,140 )     (6,079 )
Add (deduct):                                
Depreciation and amortization     689       684       667       671  
Stock based compensation     326       251       268       330  
Financial expense (income)     12,291       (2,502 )     778       929  
Non-IFRS operating loss     (9,423 )     (8,988 )     (6,427 )     (4,149 )
                                 
Basic and diluted net loss per share     (0.62 )     (0.23 )     (0.32 )     (0.40 )

 

    September 30,     June 30,     March 31,     November 30,  
    2017     2017     20173,4     20164  
    $     $     $     $  
                         
Net loss     (4,507 )     (2,778 )     (3,366 )     (2,397 )
Add (deduct):                                
Depreciation and amortization     667       667       894       621  
Stock based compensation     295       36       244       155  
Financial expense (income)     122       (21 )     206       (115 )
Deferred income tax recovery     -       -       (129 )     -  
Non-IFRS operating loss     (3,423 )     (2,096 )     (2,151 )     (1,736 )
                                 
Basic and diluted net loss per share     (0.31 )     (0.19 )     (0.28 )     (0.22 )

 

The quarterly year-to-year non-IFRS operating loss variances are mainly attributable to fluctuations in R&D expenses from quarter-to-quarter as well as an increase in G&A expenses over the last four quarters as the Corporation established an administrative and finance team independent from Neptune and expanded business development and pre-commercialization activities. The increase in net loss, net loss per share in the second three months of fiscal 2019 compared to the second three months of fiscal 2018 can primarily be explained by the costs incurred in CRO expenses associated with its TRILOGY Phase 3 clinical trial program. The increase in net loss from quarter to quarter are mainly due to the changes in fair value of the warrant liabilities as well as variations in foreign exchange gains or losses.

 

 

 

__________________

3 This fiscal quarter represents a period of four months ended March 31, 2017.

4 Beginning in fiscal 2017, the Corporation’s year end is March 31. Previously, the Corporation’s fiscal year end was February 28. As result, 3 of the 8 quarters of selected financial data are from different ending periods.

 

19

 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

 

Share Capital Structure

 

The Corporation’s authorized share capital consists of an unlimited number of Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E shares, without par value. Issued and outstanding fully paid shares, stock options, restricted shares units and warrants, were as follows for the periods ended:

 

    September 30,
2018
    March 31,
2018
 
    Number
outstanding
    Number
outstanding
 
Class A shares, voting, participating and without par value     36,679,870       25,638,215  
Stock options granted and outstanding     4,200,011       2,284,388  
May 2018 public offering of warrants exercisable at $1.31, until  May 9, 2023     10,959,500       -  
Public offering Broker warrants May 2018 exercisable at $1.05 until May 9, 2023     547,975       -  
December 2017 U.S. public offering of warrants exercisable at US$1.26, until December 27, 2022     9,802,935       9,802,935  
Series December 2017 U.S. Broker warrants exercisable at US$1.2625, until December 27, 2022     495,050       495,050  
February 2017 public offering of warrants exercisable at $2.15, until February 21, 2022     1,904,034       1,904,034  
Series 2017 unsecured convertible debentures conversion option contingent warrants exercisable at $1.90, until February 21, 20205     1,052,630       1,052,630  
Series 8 warrants exercisable at US$15.00, until December 3, 20186     1,840,000       1,840,000  
Series 9 warrants exercisable at $13.30 until December 3, 2018     161,654       161,654  
Total fully diluted shares     67,643,659       43,178,906  

 

Comparison of cash Flows and financial condition between the three and six-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

 

Summary

 

As at September 30, 2018, cash and cash equivalents totaled $5,969 with a use of cash totaling $6,891 for the three-month period ended September 30, 2018 and a use of cash totaling $2,254 for the six-month period ended September 30, 2018. This compares to $5,329 in total cash and cash equivalents as at September 30, 2017 with a use of cash totaling $2,238 for the three-month period ended September 30, 2017 and a use of cash totaling $4,443 for the six-month period ended September 30, 2017.

 

Operating activities

 

During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Corporation’s operating activities used cash of $6,550 and $2,060, respectively, and during the six months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Corporation’s operating activities used cash of $12,180 and $3,706, respectively (see “Reconciliation of Net Loss to Non-IFRS Operating Loss”), further modified by changes in working capital, excluding cash. The use of cash flows in operating activities for the three and six month periods ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 when compared to the net losses for each period are mainly attributable to the change in non-cash operating items, (see “Reconciliation of Net Loss to Non-IFRS Operating Loss”), further modified by changes in working capital, excluding cash.

 

 

 

 

 __________________

5 The debentures are convertible into Common Shares at a fixed price of $1.90 per Common Share except if the Corporation pays before the maturity, all or any portion of the convertible debentures. Should the Corporation pay all or any portion of the convertible debenture before maturity, then warrants become exercisable at $1.90 per Common Share for the equivalent convertible debenture amount prepaid.

6 Total of 18,400,000 warrants. In order to obtain one Common Share, 10 warrants must be exercised for a total amount of US$15.00.

 

20

 

Investing activities

 

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Corporation’s investing activities used cash of $194 compared to a use of cash of $76 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Cash used by investing activities during the three months ended September 30, 2018 was due to the acquisition of equipment of $257, offset by interest received of $63. Cash used by investing activities during the three months ended September 30, 2017 was due to the acquisition of equipment of $90, offset by interest received of $14.

 

During the six months ended September 30, 2018, the Corporation’s investing activities used cash of $464 compared to a use of cash of $157 for the six months ended September 30, 2017. Cash used by investing activities during the six months ended September 30, 2018 was due to the acquisition of equipment of $544, offset by interest received of $80. Cash used by investing activities during the six months ended September 30, 2017 was due to the acquisition of equipment of $187, offset by interest received of $30.

 

Financing activities

 

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Corporation’s financing activities used cash of $126 for payment of transactions costs related to the public offering and for September 30, 2017 the Corporation used cash of $1.

 

During the six months ended September 30, 2018, the Corporation’s financing activities generated cash of $10,311 mainly from the net proceeds of the public offering and for the six months ended September 30, 2017 the Corporation used cash of $422 primarily for the payment of transactions costs of $381 and $40, respectively, as related to the public offering and to the Private Placement financings completed in February 2017 but paid post March 31, 2017.

 

See basis of presentation for additional discussion of the Corporation’s financial condition, including the need for additional funds and the material uncertainty that casts substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and see subsequent events relating to October 2018 public offerings.

 

May 2018 Public Offering

 

On May 9, 2018 the Corporation closed a public offering issuing 9,530,000 units of Acasti (“Units”) at a price of $1.05 per Unit for gross proceeds of $10 million. The units issued consisted of 9,530,000 Class A shares (Common Shares) and 9,530,000 warrants. Each Warrant entitles the holder thereof to acquire one Common Share of the Corporation at an exercise price of $1.31 at any time until May 9, 2023.

 

On May 14, 2018, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option by purchasing an additional 1,429,500 units at a price of $1.05 per unit, for additional gross proceeds of $1.5 million. The units issued consisted of 1,429,500 Common Shares and 1,429,500 warrants. Each Warrant entitles the holder thereof to acquire one Common Share of the Corporation at an exercise price of $1.31 at any time until May 9, 2023.

 

The Warrant segment of these Units are derivative liabilities (“Derivative Warrant Liabilities”) for accounting purposes due to the contingent provisions of cash settlement not based on market values. The proceeds of the offering are required to be split between the Derivative Warrant Liabilities and the equity-classified Class A share at the time of issuance of the Units. The fair value of each of the Derivative Warrant Liabilities at the time of issuance was determined to be $4.3 million and the residual of the proceeds were allocated to the Class A shares. Issue costs related to this transaction totaled approximately $1.8 million. The issue costs have been allocated between the Warrants and Class A shares based on relative value. An amount of $0.7 million, which was allocated to the Warrants is recognized as finance costs in financial income in the Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Loss, whereas the remaining amount of $1.1 million allocated to Class A shares was recognized as a reduction to share capital in the Statements of Financial Position.

 

21

 

The weighted average fair value of the public offering warrants issued in May 2018 was determined to be $0.39 per warrant. Changes in the fair value of the Warrants are recognized in finance expense.

 

As part of the transaction, the Company also issued broker warrants to purchase up to 547,975 Common Shares. Each Broker Warrant entitles the holder thereof to acquire one Common Share of the Corporation at an exercise price of $1.05, at any time until May 9, 2023. The broker warrants are considered for compensation to non-employees under IFRS 2, stock-based compensation, and are accounted for at fair value at issuance date and not subsequently revalued.

 

Subsequent events

 

Public Offerings:

 

On October 9, 2018, the Company closed a public offering of 16,600,000 common shares in the United States at a price of US$1.00 per share. In addition, the underwriters fully exercised their over-allotment option to purchase 2,490,000 additional common shares at the same public offering price. The gross proceeds were approximately US$19.1 million generating net proceeds to the Company of approximately US$17.4 million, providing a total of 19,090,000 common shares issuance.

 

On October 23, 2018, the Company closed a public offering of 18,750,000 common shares in Canada at a price of $1.28 per share. In addition, the underwriters fully exercised their over-allotment option to purchase 2,812,500 additional common shares at the same public offering price. The gross proceeds were approximately $27.6 million generating net proceeds to the Company of approximately $25.4 million, providing a total of 21,562,500 common shares issuance.

 

Warrants exercise:

 

During October 2018, 771,400 warrants offered as part of the May 2018 public offering were exercised, each warrant allowed the holder the right to acquire one common share of the Company at an exercise price of $1.31. Aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $1.0 million were received. In addition, 4,455 warrants offered as part of the December 2017 U.S. public offering were exercised in a cashless manner to acquire 1,074 common shares of the Company.  A total of 772,474 common shares were issued as a result of 775,855 warrants exercised.

 

Financial Position

 

The following table details the significant changes to the statements of financial position as at September 30, 2018 compared to the prior fiscal period end at March 31, 2018:

 

Accounts   Increase
(Decrease)
    Comments
Cash and cash equivalents     (2,254 )   See cash flow statement
Receivable     413     Timing of receipts
Prepaid expenses     (212 )   Advancement of contracts
Other Asset – current and long term     (41 )   Usage of Krill Oil supply
Equipment     216     Acquisition of equipment and depreciation
Intangible asset     (1,161 )   Amortization
Trade and other payables     6,477     Increased expenses and accruals
Derivative warrant liabilities     13,430       Issuance of derivative warrants and change in fair value
Unsecured convertible debentures     102     Accretion of interest

 

See the statement of changes in equity in the Corporation’s financial statements for details of changes to the equity accounts since September 30, 2018.

 

Derivative warrant liabilities

 

The warrants issued as part of the public offering of units composed of class A shares (Common Share) and Common Share purchase warrants on both May 9, 2018 and May 14, 2018 are derivative liabilities (“Derivative warrant liabilities”) given the contingent provisions of cash settlement not based on market values.

 

On May 9, 2018 and May 14, 2018, warrants were issued as part of the Corporation’s public offering and recognized as Derivative Warrant Liabilities with a fair value of $4,272. As of September 30, 2018, the Derivative Warrant Liabilities totalled $10,498, which represents the fair value of these warrants. The weighted average fair value of the public offering warrants issued was determined to be $0.39 per warrant at inception and approximately $0.96 per warrant as at September 30, 2018.

 

22

 

The warrants issued in connection with U.S. offerings are derivative liabilities (“Derivative Warrant Liabilities”) for accounting purposes due to the currency of the exercise price (US$) being different from the Corporation’s Canadian dollar functional currency. The warrant liabilities will be settled in Common Shares. The fair value of the warrants is revalued at each reporting date.

 

On December 27, 2017, warrants were issued as part of the Corporation’s U.S. public offering and recognized as Derivative Warrant Liabilities with a fair value of $5,873. As of September 30, 2018, the Derivative Warrant Liabilities totaled $9,358 which represents the fair value of these warrants. The fair value of the warrants issued in connection with the offering was determined to be $0.60 per warrant upon issuance and approximately $0.95 per warrant as of September 30, 2018.

 

As of September 30, 2018, the fair value of the liability of the warrants issued as part of Acasti’s December 2013 securities offering was at NIL. The fair value of the warrants issued in connection with this offering was determined to be $0.58 per warrant upon issuance.

 

Contractual Obligations, Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements and Commitments

 

As at September 30, 2018, the Corporation’s liabilities total $34,744, of which $13,174 is due within twelve months, $19,856 relates to Derivative Warrant Liabilities that will likely be settled by issuing Common Shares in exchange for proceeds equal to the strike price of the instrument and $1,714 of outstanding unsecured convertible debentures is also projected to be settled in Common Shares. However, the principal amount of unsecured convertible debentures may be prepaid, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, in cash, at the sole discretion of the Corporation. The debentures are convertible into Common Shares at a fixed price of $1.90 per Common Share except if the Corporation pays before the maturity, all or any portion of the convertible debentures.

 

The Corporation has also entered into a contract to purchase production equipment to be used in the manufacturing of the clinical and future commercial supply of CaPre.

 

A summary of the contractual obligations at September 30, 2018, is as follows:

 

    Carrying value     Total contractual
cash flows
    1 year or less     1 to 3 years  
    $     $     $     $  
Trade, other payables and due to related party     13,174       13,174       13,174       -  
Lease     111       111       72       39  
Unsecured convertible debentures     1,714       2,223       160       2,063  
Total     14,999       15,508       13,406       2,202  

 

Research and development contracts and contract research organizations agreements

 

The Corporation utilizes CMOs for the development and production of clinical materials and research organizations to perform services related to the Corporation’s clinical trials. Pursuant to the agreements with these contract manufacturing and contract research organizations, the Corporation has either the right to terminate the agreements without penalties or under certain penalty conditions. For agreements which contain penalty conditions, the Company would be required to pay penalties of approximately $134.

 

Lease

 

During FY 2018, the Company entered into a lease agreement for its research and development and quality control laboratory facility located in Sherbrooke, Québec, resulting in a total commitment of $111 over the two-year lease term. An amount of $72 is committed in the next year, with a remaining committed amount of $39 over the second year of the lease.

 

23

 

Contingencies

 

A former CEO of the Corporation is claiming the payment of approximately $8.5 million and the issuance of equity instruments from the Neptune group (including Acasti). As the Corporation’s management believes that these claims are not valid, no provision has been recognized. The Neptune group (including Acasti) has filed a claim to recover certain amounts from the former CEO. All outstanding share-based payments held by the former CEO have been cancelled during the Corporation’s fiscal year ended February 28, 2015.

 

The Corporation is also involved in other matters arising in the ordinary course of its business. Since management believes that all related claims are not valid and it presently is not possible to determine the outcome of these matters, no provisions have been made in the financial statements for their ultimate resolution beyond the amounts incurred and recorded for such matters. The resolution of such matters could have an effect on the Corporation’s financial statements in the year that a determination is made. However, in management's opinion, the final resolution of all such matters is not projected to have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial position.

 

Related Party Transactions

 

Neptune, Acasti’s former parent company, had its ownership reduced to approximately 6.5% subsequent to the U.S. and Canadian Public Offerings of October 2018. Neptune owned approximately 13.8% of the issued and outstanding Class A shares (Common Shares) of the Corporation as at September 30, 2018.The Corporation has significantly reduced its reliance on the support of Neptune for a portion of its G&A needs, however, it will continue to utilize their IT support and accounting system for the near term.

 

The Corporation was charged by Neptune, for the purchase of research supplies and for certain costs incurred by Neptune for the benefit of the Corporation, as follows:

 

    Three-month periods
ended
    Six-month periods
ended
 
    September 30,
2018
    September 30,
2017
    September 30,
2018
    September 30,
2017
 
    $     $     $     $  
                         
Research and development expenses                                
Supplies and incremental costs     -       -       -       6  
Shared service agreement     -       8       -       20  
      -       8       -       26  
                                 
General and administrative expenses                                
Supplies and incremental costs     49       56       111       109  
Shared service agreement     8       37       19       87  
      57       93       130       196  
      57       101       130       222  

 

Where Neptune incurs specific incremental costs for the benefit of the Corporation, it charges those amounts directly. Neptune provides Acasti with the services of personnel for certain administrative work as part of a shared service agreement, though such services have been reduced to primarily IT services as at September 30, 2018. The employees’ salaries and benefits are charged proportionally to the time allocation agreed upon within the shared service agreement. In the three months ended September 30, 2017, the laboratory support, the corporate affairs and the public company reporting services previously provided by Neptune as part of the shared service agreement had been discontinued. The Corporation is now incurring incremental costs and expects to do so in the future, partially offset by reduced shared service fees. The account payable to Neptune amounted to $25 and $68 at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is non-interest bearing and has no specified maturity date. These charges do not represent all charges incurred by Neptune that may have benefited the Corporation. Also, these charges do not necessarily represent the cost that the Corporation would otherwise need to incur, should it not receive these services or benefits through the shared resources of Neptune.

 

24

 

During the three and six months ended September 30, 2018, the Corporation recognized an expense of $49 and $111, respectively in G&A expenses in relation to supplies and incremental costs, compared to $56 and $109 respectively, for the three and six months ended September 30, 2017 which are comparable. As the R&D and quality control laboratory facility is now completely independent of the Neptune facility, there were no related party charges for R&D as at September 30, 2018 compared to $NIL and $6, respectively, for the three and six months ended September 30, 2017.

 

In addition, Neptune provided Acasti with the services of personnel for certain of its administrative, legal and laboratory work as part of a shared service agreement. The employees’ salaries and benefits are charged proportionally to the time allocation agreed upon. In the three months and six months ended September 30, 2018, the Corporation recognized an expense of $8 and $19, respectively, in G&A expenses and nil and nil, respectively, in R&D expenses under the shared service agreement compared for the three and six months ended September 30, 2017 to $37 and $87, respectively, in G&A expenses, and $8 and $20, respectively, in R&D expenses.

 

Historically, Neptune has provided the Corporation with the raw krill oil needed to produce CaPre for Acasti’s clinical programs, including all of the raw krill oil projected as needed for its Phase 3 clinical study program. However, Neptune discontinued its krill oil production and sold its raw krill oil inventory to Aker on August 7, 2017. In the six months ended September 30, 2018, Acasti purchased a reserve of raw krill oil amounting to $52 from Aker that will be used in the production of CaPre capsules for its Phase 3 clinical trials. The Corporation is currently evaluating alternative suppliers of raw krill oil. At September 30, 2018, a reserve of raw krill oil was still stored at Neptune’s facility.

 

The key management personnel are the officers of the Corporation and the members of the Board of Directors of the Corporation. They control in the aggregate less than 1% of the voting shares of the Corporation (2% in 2017). See note 5 to the financial statements for disclosures of key management personnel compensation.

 

Changes in Accounting Policies

 

The accounting policies and basis of measurement applied in these interim financial statements are the same as those applied by the Corporation in its financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2018 except as they include the adoption of new standards, and amendments to standards, which are effective for the period beginning on April 1, 2018 and have been adopted by the Corporation.

 

New standards and interpretations:

 

(i) Financial instruments:

 

On July 24, 2014, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued the final version of IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, replacing IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. IFRS 9 introduces a revised approach for the classification of financial assets based on how an entity manages financial assets and the characteristics of the contractual cash flows of the financial assets replacing the multiple rules in IAS 39. Most of the requirements in IAS 39 for classification and measurement of financial liabilities have been carried forward in IFRS 9. IFRS 9 also introduces a new hedge accounting model that is more closely aligned with risk-management activities and a new expected credit loss model for calculating impairment on financial assets replacing the incurred loss model in IAS 39. The Corporation assessed the impact of the adoption of IFRS 9 on its financial statements, and determined there was no material impact. The Corporation does not apply hedge accounting.

 

(ii) Amendments to IFRS 2 – Classification and Measurement of Share-Based Payment Transactions:

 

On June 20, 2016, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 2, Share-Based Payment, clarifying how to account for certain types of share-based payment transactions. The amendments apply for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. Earlier application was permitted. As a practical simplification, the amendments can be applied prospectively. Retrospective, or early application was permitted if information was available without the use of hindsight. The amendments provide requirements on the accounting for: the effects of vesting and non-vesting conditions on the measurement of cash-settled share-based payments; share-based payment transactions with a net settlement feature for withholding tax obligations; and a modification to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment that changes the classification of the transaction from cash-settled to equity-settled.

 

The Corporation assessed the impact of the adoption of IFRS 2 on its financial statements, and determined there was no material impact.

 

25

 

New standards and interpretations not yet adopted:

 

The following accounting standards, interpretations and amendments to existing standards were issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) or the IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) that are mandatory but not yet effective for the period ended September 30, 2018 which have a material impact on the disclosures, the financial position or results of operations of the Corporation. The Corporation intends to adopt these standards when they become effective.

 

(iii) Leases – IFRS 16

 

IFRS 16, Leases (“IFRS 16”) In January 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16, a new standard that replaces IAS 17, Leases. IFRS 16 is a major revision of the way in which companies account for leases and will no longer permit off balance sheet leases. Adoption of IFRS 16 is mandatory and will be effective for the Corporation’s fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2019. Early application is permitted for companies that also apply IFRS 15. The Corporation is assessing the impact of adoption of IFRS 16, and does not intend to early adopt this standard in its financial statements.

 

Controls and procedures

 

In accordance with the Canadian Securities Administrators’ National Instrument 52-109, the Corporation has filed certificates signed by the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) that among other things, report on the design and effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures and the design and effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

 

Changes in internal control over financial reporting (“ICFR”)

 

There have been no changes in the Corporation’s ICFR during the six-month period ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect its ICFR.

 

RISK FACTORS

 

Investing in Acasti’s securities involves a high degree of risk due to, among other things, the nature of our business and the present stage of our development. Prospective and current investors should carefully consider the following risks and uncertainties, together with all other information in this MD&A, as well as our financial statements and the risks described in more detail in Item 3. “Risk Factors” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 and our other public filings. If any of these risks actually occur, Acasti’s business, financial condition, prospects, results of operations or cash flow could be materially and adversely affected and you could lose all or a part of the value of your investment. Additional risks or uncertainties not currently known to Acasti, or that we currently deem immaterial, may also negatively affect our business operations.

 

General Risks Related to the Corporation

 

· We may not be able to maintain our operations and advance our research and development of CaPre without additional funding.
     
· We may never become profitable or be able to sustain profitability.
     
· If outcome studies being conducted by our competitors testing the impact of OM3 on treating patients with high TGs are negative, there could also be an adverse impact for CaPre.
     
· We will rely on third parties to conduct our TRILOGY Phase 3 program for CaPre.
     
· We rely on third parties to manufacture, produce and supply CaPre and we may be adversely affected if those third parties are unable or unwilling to fulfill their obligations, including complying with FDA requirements.

 

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· We have historically had no marketing and sales organization and, as a company, no history in marketing products. If we are unable to properly establish marketing and sales capabilities or enter into agreements with a strategic partner to market and sell CaPre, we may not be able to generate revenue.
     
· If we are not successful in attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel, we may not be able to successfully implement our business strategy.
     
· Business disruptions could seriously harm our future revenue and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses.
     
· Our prospects currently depend entirely on the success of CaPre, which is still in clinical development, and we may not be able to generate revenues from CaPre.
     
· If we encounter difficulties enrolling patients in our planned TRILOGY Phase 3 program, our development activities for CaPre could be delayed or otherwise adversely affected.
     
· We may not be able to obtain required regulatory approvals for CaPre.
     
· Even if we receive regulatory approval for CaPre, it may just be for a limited indication.
     
· We may be unable to find successful strategic partnerships to develop and commercialize CaPre.
     
· We may be unable to develop alternative product candidates.
     
· We may not be able to compete effectively against our competitors’ pharmaceutical products.
     
· CaPre could face competition from products for which no prescription is required.
     
· Recent and future legal developments could make it more difficult and costly for us to obtain regulatory approvals for CaPre and negatively affect the prices we may charge.
     
· Reimbursement decisions by third-party payors may have an adverse effect on pricing and market acceptance. If there is not sufficient reimbursement for CaPre, it is less likely that it will be widely used.
     
· Even if we obtain FDA approval of CaPre, we may never obtain approval or commercialize it outside of the United States, which would limit our ability to realize CaPre’s full market potential.
     
· If we or our third-party service providers fail to comply with healthcare laws and regulations or government price reporting laws, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties.
     
· We rely on third parties to conduct our clinical trials for CaPre.
     
· We depend on Neptune for certain administrative and accounting services.
     
· The research, development and manufacture of CaPre involves using potentially hazardous materials.
     
· Interruptions of our supply of CaPre could disrupt our planned TRILOGY Phase 3 program and, if CaPre reaches commercialization, impair any future revenue streams.
     
· If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and be required to cease the sale, marketing and distribution of CaPre. We may not achieve our publicly announced milestones on time, or at all.
     
· We may be subject to foreign exchange rate fluctuations
     
· While there is no indication of this in previous studies, CaPre may cause or be perceived to cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent its regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved label, or result in significant negative consequences following marketing approval, if any.

 

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

 

· In addition to our own patents, CaPre is covered by patents that are sublicensed to us by Neptune.
     
· It is difficult and costly to protect our intellectual property rights.
     
· CaPre may infringe the intellectual property rights of others, which could increase our costs and delay or prevent our development and commercialization efforts.

 

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· If we do not protect our trademark for CaPre, we may not be able to build name recognition in our markets of interest.
     
· We may be involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or the patents of our licensors, which could be expensive, time-consuming and unsuccessful.
     
· Changes in patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect CaPre and any of our other future product candidates.
     
· We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.

 

Risks Relating to Our Common Shares

 

· The price of our common shares may be volatile.
     
· Forward-Looking Statements may prove to be inaccurate.
     
· Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our existing shareholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidates.
     
· There can be no assurance that an active market for our common shares will be sustained.
     
· A large number of common shares may be issued and subsequently sold upon the exercise of existing warrants. The sale or availability for sale of existing warrants or other securities convertible in common shares may depress the price of our common shares.
     
· We do not currently intend to pay any cash dividends on our common shares in the foreseeable future.
     
· If we fail to meet applicable listing requirements, the NASDAQ Stock Market or the TSXV may delist our common shares from trading, in which case the liquidity and market price of our common shares could decline.
     
· We may pursue opportunities or transactions that adversely affect our business and financial condition.
     
· As a foreign private issuer, we are subject to different U.S. securities laws and regulations than a domestic U.S. issuer, which may limit the information publicly available to our U.S. shareholders.
     
· As an “emerging growth company”, we are exempt from the requirement to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
     
· U.S. investors may be unable to enforce certain judgments.

 

 

Additional Information

 

Updated and additional information about the Corporation is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com or on EDGAR at www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml.

 

As at November 13, 2018, the Corporation’s capital structure is as follows:

 

  Number outstanding
Class A shares, voting, participating and without par value 78,128,567
Stock options granted and outstanding 4,200,011
May  2018 public offering of warrants exercisable at $1.31, until  May 9, 2023 10,188,100
Public offering Broker warrants May 2018 exercisable at $1.05 until May 9, 2023 547,975
December 2017 U.S. public offering of warrants exercisable at US$1.26, until December 27, 2022 9,798,480
Series December 2017 U.S. Broker warrants exercisable at US$1.2625, until December 27, 2022 495,050
February 2017 public offering of warrants exercisable at $2.15 until February 21, 2022 1,904,034
Series 2017 unsecured convertible debentures conversion option contingent warrants exercisable at $1.90, until February 21, 20207 1,052,630
Series 8 warrants exercisable at US$15.00, until December 3, 20188 1,840,000
Series 9 warrants exercisable at $13.30 until December 3, 2018 161,654
Total fully diluted shares 108,316,501

 

__________________

7 The debentures are convertible into Common Shares at a fixed price of $1.90 per Common Share except if the Corporation pays before the maturity, all or any portion of the convertible debentures. Should the Corporation pay all or any portion of the convertible debenture before maturity, then warrants become exercisable at $1.90 per Common Share for the equivalent convertible debenture amount prepaid.

8 Total of 18,400,000 warrants. In order to obtain one Common Share, 10 warrants must be exercised for a total amount of US$15.00.

 

 

 

 

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